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William James Dodd (1862–1930) was an American architect and designer who worked mainly in Louisville, Kentucky from 1886 through the end of 1912 and in Los Angeles, California from early 1913〔The L.A. Times of March 2, 1913 announces the purchase of a residence by Dodd; Southwest Contractor and Manufacturer trade journal of May 10, 1913 records that Dodd had recently been granted his certificate to practice in Southern California by the State Board of Architecture.〕 until his death. Dodd rose from the so-called First Chicago School of architecture, though of greater influence for his mature designs was the classical aesthetic of the Beaux-Arts style ascendant after the Chicago World's Columbian Exposition of 1893. His design work also included functional and decorative architectural glass and ceramics, furniture, home appliances, and literary illustration. In a prodigious career lasting more than forty years, Dodd left many extant structures on both east and west coasts and in the midwest and upper south, among the best known of these being the original Presbyterian Seminary campus (now Jefferson Community & Technical College), the Weissinger-Gaulbert Apartments, and the old YMCA building, all three in downtown Louisville. Also notable are his numerous residential and ecclesiastical designs still in use in Kentucky and Tennessee. In California, examples of his extant work include the Pacific Center and Hearst's Los Angeles Herald-Examiner Building in downtown Los Angeles and the San Gabriel Mission Auditorium south of Pasadena. Some of his earliest attributed designs may be found in Hyde Park, Illinois. ==Early years== William J. Dodd was born in Quebec City, Canada, in 1862.〔Quebec City Wesleyan Methodist Church records, leaf 21, baptismal record of December 17, 1862 (birth date: September 22, 1862)〕 Prior to emigrating from Canada to the United States and Chicago Illinois, William's English/Scots father, Edward, was an inn keeper and before that a wharfinger, and his Irish mother, Mary Dinning, was a school teacher and dressmaker.〔〔U.S. census records of 1870 and 1880. These records identify Edward Dodd (Sr.) as a brick mason by trade; Mary turns to "Keeping house" and millinery work.〕 In 1869, the family of six, then including daughters Jane (Jenny) and Elizabeth, and sons Edward Jr. and William James, moved to Chicago.〔1860 Census of Canada indicates an infant daughter named Sarah who does not reappear in the 1870 census.〕 The 1870 Chicago Directory gives the first known address for the Dodds on south Des Plaines near the original site of the Old St. Patrick's Church. In 1871, the ill-timed move of the Dodd household to West Harrison Street in Ward 9 placed them in the path of the great Chicago fire in October of the same year.〔1871 Chicago Directory〕 Dodd received his training in the atelier of Chicago architect William Le Baron Jenney, ca. 1878-79,〔The Autobiography of Irving Kane Pond, "The Sons of Mary and Elihu". Edited by David Swan and Terry Tatum with an introduction by Guy Szuberla and contributions by Dennis Domer. Published posthumously by The Hyoogen Press, Oak Park, IL in 2009. pp. 82-84.〕 and his first employment from 1880〔Chicago Directory of 1880 gives an address for W.J. Dodd, 156 Michigan Avenue, the headquarters of the Pullman Car Company; his occupation is given as 'draughstman'. The 1880 census has his residence on South Water Street, the family home, and his occupation is 'architect'.〕〔Twentieth Annual Report of the Chicago Board of Trade for the Year ending 1877. Compiled by Charles Randolph. Knight & Leonard Printers. Chicago: 1878. Page 194 establishes the address of the Pullman Car Co. as 156 Michigan Ave.〕 into mid 1883〔Chicago Daily Tribune, June 26, 1887: p. 14 "Pullman Rowing Club"〕 appears to be for the Pullman Car Company as a draftsman of architect Solon Spencer Beman's designs for the planned city of Pullman, Illinois now the Pullman National Monument.〔Designation of Feb. 19, 2015 http://blog.preservationnation.org/2015/02/19/big-win-pullman-historic-district-now-national-monument/#.VOavYoY8LCQ〕 Dodd's social life in Pullman was marked with athletic participation on the first Pullman competitive rowing crew.〔Pasavento, Wilma. "Sport and Recreation in the Pullman Experiment: 1880-1900". Journal of Sports History, Vol. 9.2, Summer 1982〕〔Chicago Daily Tribune: July 31, 1882, p. 8〕〔Chicago Daily Tribune: Oct. 22, 1882, p. 1〕〔Chicago Daily Tribune: June 26, 1887, p. 14〕 As a member of the Pullman Rowing Club and the Pullman Pleasure Club he was often mentioned in the press accounts of fetes and dance parties that he coordinated for the young elites of Pullman and Hyde Park.〔Chicago Times, December 31, 1881: "Pullman Pleasure Club"〕〔Chicago Times, March 24, 1882: "Pullman Socialbility"〕〔Hyde Park Herald, April 25, 1885: "A Fond Farewell"〕 This sporting sociability is not merely incidental to Dodd but returns as an important feature of his later life in Louisville, with his membership in the Pendennis Club and Louisville Country Club, and in Los Angeles with his co-founding of The Uplifters Club, an offshoot of the Los Angeles Athletic Club. In 1889 William J. Dodd married Ione Estes of Memphis, TN. Ione was from a large family of some political and historical importance in post-Reconstruction era Tennessee and in the Upland South region. While Dodd's religious upbringing was Methodism, after his marriage to Ione his denominational affiliation was Presbyterianism. The marriage produced no surviving children. There are some uncertainties in Dodd's biography. Although naturalized in 1869 upon entering the United States, from the 1890s onward Dodd identifies as Chicago-born,〔Rand, McNally & Co.'s Handbook of the World Columbian Exposition. Compiled by Stuart Charles Wade. Published by Rand, McNally & Co., 1893, p. 194〕 doing so, Jay Gatsby-like, in all kinds of public documents.〔U.S. Census, 1920. Los Angeles County〕 In an 1897 interview with a reporter for the Louisville Courier-Journal 〔Louisville Courier-Journal. 1897: March 13, Section 2 "Building", p. 8〕 W. J. Dodd left the reporter, and thus posterity, with the impression that he was a native Chicagoan, that he graduated from "the Chicago schools"〔Published lists of graduates of the Chicago public school system from years 1859-1881 do not include William J. Dodd. In particular see "Report (the ) Superintendent of Chicago Schools, Vol. 25 (1878-9), Vol. 26 (1879-80), Vol. 27 (1880-1)〕 and had been in the first graduating class of the Chicago Art Institute. The archives of the Institute do not yet support this claim.〔Research offers a possible explanation for this biographical uncertainty; Dodd may have received his earliest technical training under the auspices of the Chicago Academy of Fine Arts (1879-1882), the immediate predecessor to the Art Institute; the academy boasted an architecture and design curriculum. W.L.B. Jenney was on the board of the Academy.〕〔Chicago Daily Tribune, June 29, 1879, p. 8 "The New Academy" by W.L.B. Jenney〕 Similarly unclear is when, in what year, Dodd began his professional practice in Louisville. The year usually offered in the histories of Kentucky architects (from Withey to Hedgepeth〔Hedgepeth, Marty Lyn Poynter. The Victorian to the Beaux-Arts: A study of Four Louisville Architectural Firms, McDonald Brothers, McDonald & Sheblessy, Dodd & Cobb and McDonald & Dodd. M.A. Thesis, 1981 University of Louisville〕 to Kleber〔Kleber, John E., Editor. The Encyclopedia of Louisville, University of Kentucky Press, Lexington, KY:2001〕 to Luhan, Domer and Mohney〔Luhan, Gregory A., Dennis Domer and David Mohney. The Louisville Guide. Princeton Architectural Press, 2004〕) for Dodd's arrival in Louisville is 1884, based on the forementioned 1897 article in the Louisville Courier-Journal. In contrast, the Chicago Tribune still identifies him with the Pullman Rowing Club in early 1884,〔Chicago Daily Tribune, June 26, 1887: p. 14 "Pullman Rowing Club〕 around this time taking employment as an architect with the Northern Pacific Railway〔Inland Architect, Vol. 2, No. 1, August 1883 p.99: "...Dodd...has been placed in charge of the drafting department of the Northern Pacific Railway at Portland Oregon."〕 upon recommendation by S.S. Beman and moving to the rail company's office in Portland Oregon only to return to Chicago (Hyde Park) and employment with the Beman brothers (S.S. and W.I) by the end of 1885 after the Northern Pacific's collapse and reorganization. The journal Inland Architect of February 1886 announces Dodd's imminent departure from Chicago to begin a partnership with O. C. Wehle of Louisville, saying: "Mr Dodd will () be a valuable addition to the architects of Louisville".〔Inland Architect & Builder. Vol 7, No. 1, p. 8: February 1886〕 By September 1886 Dodd is cited as partner with Oscar Wehle for the design of "a magnificent three story brown stone residence" in Louisville.〔"Among the Plumbers." Sanitary News: Weekly Journal of Sanitary Science, Vol. 8 May 1 - October 31, 1886, p. 270 Google Books Web 22 Dec 2013〕 In November 1886, Dodd was elected to membership in the Western Association of Architects, his home city being given as Louisville.〔American Architect and Architecture: Vol. XX, July–December. 1886〕 Dodd first appears as a resident, a boarder, in Louisville in the 1887 Caron's Louisville Directory. The American Institute of Architects () Historical Directory of American Architects has held that Dodd did not join the A.I.A. national organization until 1916〔http://www.aia.org/about/history/aiab082017. As of Dec 2013, the database is currently not available online. Contact A.I. A. archivist at nhadley@aia.org〕 despite Dodd's listing in membership with the Louisville Chapter of the A.I.A. in 1912〔Catalogue of the First Exhibition: Louisville Chapter American Institute of Architects. 1912, pp. 6-7〕 and in Southern California A.I.A. chapter in 1915.〔Architect and Engineer: v. 43-44 - 1915, p. 118 "New Chapter Members"〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「William J. Dodd」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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